Heavy Metal Music

Envision, maybe, being encircled by a great many individuals, trusting that the band will come on. You can't inhale in light of the fact that the individuals are being pressed into you by their neighbors. You are perspiring, attempting to get all of oxygen you can from the air, while others are bouncing around, hitting you as they sit tight for the band. At long last, the band goes ahead stage and you are energized, and they start with: (play music here). This, is the thing that substantial metal music is about. I have been tuning in to substantial metal music since I was a newborn child. My first CD was Metallica's Master of Puppets CD that my father let me have. I have explored numerous substantial metal groups as the years have passed by. I know what you are figuring, what does overwhelming metal music have to do with me? All things considered, metal music is surrounding you. You can stroll down the road and hear somebody's radio playing it. You can hear it in some rap tunes, such as; â€Å"Bring the Noize† by Public Enemy with Anthrax, and â€Å"Let's Go† by Trick Daddy who took the introduction of â€Å"Crazy Train† by Ozzy Osbourne, and put a beat over it. You can even hear it in down home music from Cross Canadian Ragweed as they took a solo by overwhelming metal guitarist Dimebag Darrell and put it in their melody, â€Å"Dimebag.† Heavy metal music is one of the most duplicated classifications of music out there. Today I am going to inform you concerning what overwhelming metal truly is, the start of substantial metal, and the effect that overwhelming metal has had on the present society. To begin with, what is overwhelming metal music? Dee Snider, the representative of all that is overwhelming metal, characterizes metal as, â€Å"Drum-beating , bass-blasting , guitar-twisted , and artist belting-music.† That is the overall meaning of substantial metal. Overwhelming metal unites three sorts of music, blues, hallucinogenic stone, and old style music. Early groups included consoles, or organs, into their music, however late groups have left from utilizing the console. Substantial metal for the most part, however not generally, contains a solitary recipe. A drummer, a bassist, a musicality guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a vocalist, who could conceivably play an instrument. With this equation, clearly their music is simply founded on the instruments. A substantial metal drummer utilizes a bigger drum arrangement than most other stone classes. The vocalist of the substantial metal band is significant, similarly significant as the guitarists. The artists can have a huge vocal range, similar to that of Ronnie James Dio of the band Rainbow, or they can be smooth like that of James Hetfield of Metallica. The guitarists' high mutilation is the way to metal music. This gives it the overwhelming metal â€Å"sound.† Also, in contrast to numerous different classifications of rock, the bassist is imperative to the band. It isn't extraordinary to hear a bassist toss in his/her own solo into the tune. Overall, the band utilizes high volume. The stronger the music, the better. Since you recognize what substantial metal is, I will educate you concerning its start. The beginning of metal can be befuddling. For example, Deena Weinstein, in her book, Heavy Metal: The Music and Its Culture, acknowledged Black Sabbath for the beginning of substantial metal, however this isn't totally evident. Carlos M. Pozo, in his book Caucasion Power Blues, composed, â€Å"Blue Cheer's front of â€Å"Summertime Blues† by Eddie Cochrane, is the primary overwhelming metal song.† â€Å"In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida† by Iron Butterfly is another of the most punctual substantial metal tunes. At that point, in 1969, came Black Sabbath. At about a similar time as Sabbath, another huge metal band rose. This band passed by the name of Led Zeppelin. Despite the fact that these two groups didn't begin substantial metal, they carried it to people in general. Sabbath and Zeppelin are two of the most well known stone, not to mention substantial metal, groups ever. They confronted a lot of analysis from the outset, yet as more individuals despised them, others began adoring them. These individuals were the â€Å"rebels†, the ones that would not like to tune in to their folks since it was their lives, not their folks'. In light of these â€Å"rebels,† overwhelming metal's fame has become radically throughout the years. Despite what their folks stated, they kept purchasing overwhelming metal collections, now and then they even purchased more than expected, regardless of their folks. This started ascent of substantial metal in later years. That is the means by which overwhelming metal started, presently the time has come to find out about the effect it has had on society. Overwhelming metal has drastically affected society today. As indicated by Encyclopedia Metallica, which is an online site that shows news about Metallica, â€Å"All Metallica collections are prohibited in Jordan since papers called them â€Å"satanists† and â€Å"devil-worshipers.† People were tuning in to Metallica and devastating things around town, so they needed to boycott Metallica. During the '80s, guardians loathed the overwhelming metal music so much, they chose to attempt to get a notice on the collections. This brought about the Parental Advisory sticker on each unequivocal CD you see today. This isn't the main effect that substantial metal music has had. In 1990, substantial metal band, Judas Priest, were sued in light of the fact that the guardians of James Vance, and Ray Belknap accepted that Priest's music contained subconscious prompts that constrained these two men to end it all. It was discovered that these two men were profoundly self-destructive before discovering Judas Priest, consequently, Priest were discovered guiltless. This is, yet, another circumstance where the guardians hate overwhelming metal so a lot, that they censure the groups for the passing of their youngsters. Tragically, this is a repetitive activity taken by the guardians that won't stop until the despise of overwhelming metal music is gone, which won't occur at any point in the near future. This is the effect that substantial metal has had on society. Overwhelming metal music has been alive since the '60s. Despite the fact that Black Sabbath are credited with being the principal overall mainstream overwhelming metal band, they didn't begin it. Overwhelming metal has gotten very well known since it started, and has changed society from the very beginning. Thus, today you realized what overwhelming metal music is, about the start of substantial metal, and it's effect on society. Along these lines, I leave you with a statement from AC/DC, â€Å"For those going to shake, we salute you!†

Effect Of Explicit And Implicit Vocabulary Instruction English Language Essay

Impact Of Explicit And Implicit Vocabulary Instruction English Language Essay The facts confirm that jargon is key to a language and is of foremost significance to a language student as Ellis (1994) claims that the foundation of L2 is its jargon. Guidance is a significant supporter in the improvement of jargon information. Understood jargon educating and learning strategy includes circuitous, or accidental while the express technique includes direct, or purposeful. This proposition endeavors to discover and look at the impacts of the two jargon instructing strategies on 60 understudies concentrating in a Tonekabon University. Control Group (express jargon educating) and Experimental gathering (certain jargon educating), each gathering was given an alternate methods of guidance. During the exercises diverse unequivocal jargon introduction methods utilized including mind-mapping, Persian reciprocals and English equivalents and definitions. Consequently, the instructor used a construed strategy for showing jargon verifiably which implies understudies should figur e the words from the entries by utilizing setting pieces of information. The analyst utilized the, the Independent T-Test, Analysis of covariance. The T-tests thought about the methods for the pretest and posttest scores of each gathering. ANCOVA was utilized to distinguish the advancement level from the pretest to the posttest in the gatherings. The outcomes acquired by the certain gathering shows understudies increased new jargon decently better. And furthermore discoveries of study in the unequivocal jargon instructing strategy uncovered that regarding understudies transient review of word implications and the understudies did well in word maintenance. The consequences of this examination have significant ramifications for the study hall and put forth a solid defense for verifiable and express jargon guidance. Watchwords: Word information, Vocabulary Learning Strategy, Implicit Vocabulary Instruction, Explicit Vocabulary Instruction 1. Foundation of the Study Jargon educating is one of the most significant parts of any language classes which help students to get dialects and express their implications. In the event that language structures make up the skeleton of language, at that point it is jargon that gives the indispensable organs and the tissue (Harmer 1993.153). This examination gives the view toward understudies information on words by the impact of various methods of training jargon wherein understudies are feeble in words maintenance. My enthusiasm for jargon learning systems was first stimulated when I was an English educator in Institutes. After quite a long time after year, numerous understudies whined about the trouble of retaining new words. They had understood that their little jargon size, which appeared to be hard to extend, had hampered their English learning. It appeared that they had not discovered a suitable method to learn jargon. We have not been instructed most of words which we know. Past a specific degree of capability in learning a language, jargon improvement is more probable be for the most part deliberate or coincidental. In jargon obtaining contemplates, one key research heading is to investigate the focuses at which understood jargon learning is more proficient than express jargon learning, to ask what are the best systems of certain learning, and to consider the ramifications of research results for study hall jargon teaching(Carter and Nunan, 2002).Traditional jargon guidance for some, instructors includes having understudies turn words upward in a word reference, remember them in word records, discover the closest proportionate which are regularly utilized so as to assist understudies with learning new words. In any case, these techniques give what research and hypothesis enlighten us concerning word learning and sound jargon guidance. 2. Articulation of the Problem All educators through study hall exercises as a rule utilize various strategies and procedures so as to encourage jargon in the class in which understudies take an interest effectively. Also, the method of educating is noteworthy in jargon learning classes. Among specialists, jargon has been concerned the center of learning a language and understanding cognizance. Understudies as a rule are expected to learn or retain the arrangements of jargon so as to expand the information on jargon and apply it in getting entries. Most understudies experience the ill effects of understanding the entries which comprise of words that play as an impede in their seeing, so educators should get understudies out by some vital guidance to make them simple to perceive the importance of obscure words. Understudies who are learning English as an unknown dialect come up short on the jargon important to comprehend the perusing material in writing and in the substance regions. A large number of these understu dies don't have accomplishment in perusing and tuning in because of an insufficiency in jargon. Obscure words obstruct understudies understanding not just on the perusing perception parts of these tests, however on comprehension of inquiries on content segments of tests too. In this manner, it is vital that fruitful methodologies be found to enable these understudies to achieve capability in the study hall. It has for some time been a discussion with respect to whether express guidance builds the securing of a subsequent language (Chaudron, 1988). Enhancements in perusing appreciation in English language students after unequivocal jargon guidance would give helpful techniques to EFL educators, however for standard instructors of study halls with EFL understudies. The issue for this examination is to research the benefits. Along these lines, the reason for this examination is to investigate the impact of express and certain guidance on an improvement of EFL students jargon learning. 3. Writing survey As per Celce-Murcia (2001) information can be picked up and spoken to either verifiably or unequivocally and both add to language learning. There exists a focal discussion rising up out of the examinations managed whether compelling jargon learning should focus on express certain jargon learning. In understood jargon, learning understudies take part in exercises that emphasis consideration on jargon. Coincidental jargon is discovering that happens when the psyche is centered somewhere else, for example learning without cognizant consideration or mindfulness, for example, on understanding a content or utilizing language for informative purposes. From an educationally arranged point of view, the objective of express instructing is to lead students consideration, though the point of an understood spotlight on structure is to draw students consideration. Also, singular errands can be situated along an express or understood continuum, and complex assignments may consolidate both unequivocal and verifiable subtasks. Most specialists perceived that a very much organized jargon program needs a fair methodology that incorporates express encouraging along with exercises giving suitable settings to coincidental learning. Much conversation in the writing on whether jargon is best learned through direct examination or by chance through perusing. Schmitt (2000) recommends that students can learn enormous amounts of jargon unequivocally, for instance, by utilizing word records and the profundity of handling speculation proposes that it is almost certain for a snippet of data to be held in memory on the off chance that it is controlled with increasingly mental exertion. Then again, Hulstijn (1997) takes note of that it is hard to get the hang of all that we have to know, through unequivocal learning, about the more successive words however broad perusing can fill this need. There is, truth be told, proof that both the express and certain methodology can be successful. Considering the downsides and advantages of both the unequivocal and certain jargon learning strategies, a few language specialists have recommended that the two techniques be utilized together to enhance one another. The test structure for this investigation was a quantitative plan. In particular, the plan was a semi trial. This exploration utilized two gatherings, control gathering and trial bunch with no treatment (unequivocal guidance) and a treatment (certain guidance). The two techniques for guidance were analyzed. Pretest-posttest trial configuration was utilized to examine the adequacy of utilizing certain and express methods of prologue to upgrade jargon information. In scoring the things on the test, for the jargon acknowledgment divide, the things were different decisions. Scoring was objective; one point for each right answer. Scores extended from 0 to 20 on this part. On the second area of the test, the jargon creation partition, the things were fill-in-clear. So as to win the greatest score of one point for every thing, the reaction must be linguistically right and spelled accurately. Scores ran from 0 to 20 on the creation segment of the test. For the jargon procurement segment of the test, the complete measures went from 0 to 20. For the jargon securing measures, members took pre-tests to distinguish whether they had any current information about the jargon that was the concentration for the specific unit. For this investigation, it was imperative to have the option to recognize the quantity of jargon words that were picked up (pre-versus post-scores) instead of distinguishing just the quantity of jargon words that were known toward the finish of the unit (post-test as it were). By directing pre-and post-tests, the analyst had the option to evacuate any impact of earlier information on these jargon words by the members. By acquiring a few qualities for every member and rotating the strategies for guidance, the analyst had the option to help conquer the little example size and the chance of development of the members. This additionally assisted with diminishing the impact for an especially fascinating unit or especially uninteresting unit. The last examination of the information was around a quarter of a year. Table 2 represents the course of events of the examination concerning the pre-tests and the units of guidance. To gather information for this examination, three instruments were used ð?

Essay sample how the beehive looks like

Essay sample how the beehive looks like Bees are wonderful and extraordinary creatures that are far more complicated and intelligent than it is usually believed. Due to their close relationships with people, bees have been relatively well-researched compared to other insects. These are more than 20,000 species of bees living in different parts of this planet (Winston, 2014). Some of them are tiny and reach only 2 mm while others are quite impressive â€" up to 4 cm long. Bees are famous for making honey â€" a delicious and wholesome substance they create from pollen (Corrick, 2010). These social insects live in colonies with an intricate structure and a clear division of responsibilities. Research shows that there are soldiers, queens, breadwinners, and even babysitters in their beehives, which vividly demonstrates the complexity of their world. In the present essay, I attempt to explore what it is like in a beehive, how natural and human-made behaves differ, and how bees interact within these settings. Inside a Natural Beehive It is important to understand that different species of bees have different beehives. Naturally, describing all of them will take much time, so we will focus on the most common Western honeybees’ hives. A natural beehive is typically constructed in some hollow cavity that protects its inhabitants from the elements (Winston, 2014). It can be a hollow tree trunk, a cavity in a cliff, or even a rooftop or an attic. To build their houses, bees use the wax they produce with the help of glands located on their abdomens. They chew this wax until it gets soft enough to bond small pieces of it into one large hive (Corrick, 2010). Interestingly, bees building the hive (they are called workers) manage to maintain the favorable atmosphere to control the texture of this wax. Now that you know what is a beehive made out of, I intend to explain how it looks like inside and what functions it serves. The beehive is the kind of a honeycomb with uniquely-shaped hexagonal cells. These small constructions with a perfect form are used by bees to store honey, pollen, and nectar, as well as house larvae (Hirschmann, 2004). Since a beehive may contain up to 50,000 bees, it is critically important for these creatures to optimize this space. At this point, one needs to highlight that bees are talented mathematicians and engineers. They discovered that hexagon is an ideal shape to use their scarce resources wisely. Because bees need much honey to produce wax, they try to use as little of this substance as possible, so triangles and squares would be too “expensive” to construct (MyBeeLine, 2017). Besides, the hexagonal shape allows optimizing the use of space, which is crucial for such crowded places as hives. Inside a Honey Beehive: Human-Made Hives Human-made beehives, although being similar to the natural ones, have several peculiarities. Therefore, I would like to explain what’s it like inside a beehive made by people. Since the ancient times, people have tried to domesticate these useful insects and build houses for them, which consisted of unbaked clay and straw. However, these structures were not orderly enough, so bees had to create their own honeycombs, which were then destroyed by people to extract honey (Hive and Honey Apiary, 2017). Fortunately, modern beekeepers have developed more efficient methods of beehive construction that allow bees to live in comfortable conditions. Interestingly, while bees need only time and efforts to build their extraordinary houses, contemporary beekeepers wishing to have bees at home should possess many skills, knowledge, and materials at hand. To construct a simple beehive, one would need thick sheets of plywood, table saw, chop saw, hammer, nails, wood glue, jigsaw, and many other things (Pauli, 2016). The main feature of these constructions is that they have movable frames that facilitate the process of honey extraction. Due to this characteristic, the comb is easily left intact during the honey bee hive removal, but some beekeepers sell honey comb because is believed to have many vitamins. In general, although the external structure of the handmade beehive differs from that of the natural one, the internal setting remains almost the same as bees themselves adjust it to their needs. Interesting Facts about Bees I would also like to discuss some interesting honey bee hive facts that will tell you more about these extraordinary insects. Building such complicated hives requires much energy, so bees literally work themselves to death constructing them; some of them live no longer than six weeks (Reilly, 2013). Furthermore, it is a well-known fact that bees get used to performing a certain job and if they need to change it for some reason, their brain chemistry changes as well to respond to new requirements. Interestingly, it is also believed that the clear division of responsibilities resulted in bees having their distinct personalities and character, which is one of the reasons why people get so fascinated by these creatures (Reilly, 2013). The last thing to consider is how do honeybees communicate about the location of food resources? Research indicates that bees use hormones and special movements to interact, which work together as a unique language that humans have not yet fully unraveled. To summarize, one can see that bees are amazing insects with a complex social structure, division of responsibilities, language, and outstanding engineering skills. They are dedicated to their work and can cooperate effectively to construct uniquely-shaped hives, both in the natural and home environment. However, some things are still not fully explored about these creatures. It is not clear how do honeybees communicate about the location of food resources and how they decide what jobs they should take. Therefore, a beehive remains a mystery for humans, which is to be explored in the future.

Universal Robot Reflections Service Learning - 1024 Words

Real Robot Reflections: Service-Learning STEM Students The robot service learning will be my first ever real service learning as it encompasses the entire definition of service learning that we discussed and read in class. As we discussed in class, service learning differs from volunteering in the addition of instruction and reflection. In my previous experienced I have volunteered at many places, most notably as an organizer for a children s religious competition. My main role was working on web presence and technological assistance as well as organizing my own social media competition. Something I noticed from this prior experience was the effects of service learning that we read in Eyler et al 2001. I have seen benefits of service†¦show more content†¦The major difference between my prior experience in service learning and this course is the addition of the in-class course activities and readings . Most of the coursework material was useful and informative although I needed more information on student management skills. The c oursework on STEM education and STEM numbers was very informative. I had seen statistics on STEM before but had not considered the reasons for the STEM crisis such as the STEM myth and education. I enjoyed the in class activities in groups where we discussed the definition of service learning, STEM and other words or phrases which we normally do not consider the connotation of. I think the group activities worked well since it made us think about ideas and concisely present them on the board. The reading discussions had a similar effect through writing a short post. The Mauch(2001) and the Eyler et al (2001) were the most informative readings. The Mauch reading was interesting it explored the use of robotics in problem solving. It not only provided a lesson plan idea it also illustrated how it was useful. This felt like it validated the robots class as it shows the broader effect of learning robotics in problem solving. Although the lesson plan did not seem applicable to my students age group, it did have many interesting ideas. The Eyler was also informative as it showed trends that I would not have noticed without the reading. I think it would have been better to read Eyler

The History of the Cosmological Argument for the...

Early elements of the Cosmological Argument were developed by the world renowned philosophers Plato and Aristotle between the years 400 and 200 BC (Boeree). Medieval philosopher Saint Thomas Aquinas expanded upon their ideas in the late 13th Century when he wrote, â€Å"The Five Ways.† Since then the Cosmological Argument has become one of the most widely accepted and criticized arguments for the existence of God. My objective in this paper is to explain why the Cosmological Argument is a reasonable argument for the existence of God, the importance of understanding that it is an inductive a posteriori argument, and defend my position against common opposing arguments. To begin, as living human beings on the planet earth we can†¦show more content†¦This means that he relies only on himself to exist. On the other hand humans and all other natural things in the Universe are considered contingent. An impossibility would be created if this was not the case because a n on-contingent contingent would be created which is contradictory and not logical (Thompson, 1955, pp. 345-346). Contrary to Saint Thomas, Theodore Schick Jr. argues in, â€Å"The ‘Big Bang’ Argument for the Existence of God,† which is included in our text God, that not all things are caused. He points out that research in the area of quantum electrodynamics reveals, â€Å"†¦That an electron, positron, and photon occasionally emerge spontaneously in a perfect vacuum. When this happens, the three particles exist for a brief time, and then annihilate each other, leaving no trace behind† (God, 153). Schick’s argument against Saint Thomas argues is that since research has found evidence that—for a fraction of a millisecond—an electron, positron, and photon seem to appear on their own makes something in existence non-contingent. This effectively debunks Saint Thomas’ nearly 750 year old argument that all things in nature h ave a cause, right? Not necessarily. While this finding of modern scientific research cannot yet be refuted or overlooked, inductive experience still strongly supports the causal premise. Evidence of a cause behind all natural things stillShow MoreRelatedThe Argument Of The Existence Of God1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe arguments trying to â€Å"prove† the existence of God are by far some of the most controversial philosophical arguments out there. When some of the people who created these philosophies it was illegal or even punishable by death to even question his existence, let alone try to come up with a logical explanation to â€Å"prove† he is real. The two main arguments used today are the ontological argument and the cosmological argument. Neither one of these arguments are correct nor incorrect; moreover, theRead More The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God804 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God The cosmological argument seeks to prove the existence of God by looking at the universe. It is an A posteriori proof based on experience and the observation of the world not logic so the outcome is probable or possible not definite. The argument is in three forms; motion, causation and being. These are also the first three ways in the five ways presented by Aquinas through which he believed the existence of God couldRead MoreDigging into Kalam’s Cosmological Argument for the Existance of God894 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Lane Craig puts forth an argument for the existence of God in Kalam’s Cosmological Argument. In this, Craig argues that the universe began to exist and the cause of the universe’s existence must have been God. Kalam’s Cosmological Argument is trying to demonstrate the impossibility of an actual infinite, which states that the universe is eternal – it has always been here. Kalam’s Cosmological Argument goes as such: Whatever begins to exist has a cause – The universe began to exist – ThereforeRead MoreDoes God Really Exists? Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesDoes God Really Exists The idea of God has been one of the most debatable issues since the dawn of humanity and with it guided as well as deluded most lives in the pursuit for the truth. The impacts springing from the notion of God has from time memorial changed history, inspired more poetry and music including philosophy more than anything else, imagined or real. Peter Kreft once concluded that â€Å"The idea of God is either a fact, like sand, or a fantasy like Santa† (Lawhead, p. 334). Over the causeRead MoreTruth as the Goal of Philosophy Essay1255 Words   |  6 Pagesothers, like Rene Descartes, look for causes to explain effects. A cause and effect argument is called a causal argument. Descartes is interested in logic, one truth progressing to the next. Descartes gives a causal argument for the existence of God in Meditation III. He deals with the effect of the idea of absolute perfection in our minds and rationalizes that the cause is God, therefore proving the existence of God. Descartes believes there are two types of reality: objective and formal.. TheRead MoreLimitations of the Arguments towards the Existence of God Essays1302 Words   |  6 Pagesconception of god is defined as the superme being that is all-powerful, all-knowing, omnipresence, perfection, all-loving and most kind. Although monotheism like Christian believe God which is perfect existed and they propose several arguments to prove God’ existence, however there are no evidence to show that god actually exist. Atheists suggested those arguments provide insufficient reason to believe. Furthermore, some arguments propose that it is possible to disprove the existence of God, or of certainRead MoreThe Key Ideas of the Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Key Ideas of the Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God A) The cosmological argument is to prove the existence of god. In this type of argument we are looking at cause and not design. This type of argument is an aposteriori argument because it is based upon experience. Thomas Aquinas puts the key ideas into 3 ways. First way is, motion/change. Nothing can move by itself or change itself. The first thing to have moved must have been moved by something else and Read MoreThe Existence Of Miracles By David Hume1350 Words   |  6 Pagescase of miracles. Consequently, the authors included in the book, In Defense of Miracles, each considers different important details as the defining factors in the debate of the existence of miracles. Of those, some focus more heavily on the likelihood of miracles themselves such as Hume, others focus on the existence of God such as Flew and Beck, and others focus on a particular example of a miracle such as Craig. Against Miracles: David Hume David Hume argues against miracles and states that theyRead MoreDr. Richard Dawkins : Wolf With False Teeth1005 Words   |  5 Pagesdocumentary series entitled, The God Delusion (changed from the original series title, The Root of All Evil), in which he argues, as he does in his identically titled book, that humankind would be much better off without a belief in God. Though his writings have enjoyed public acclaim, Dawkins fails as an effective critic of Christianity for three basic reasons. First, the Christian faith he criticizes is a poorly drawn caricature of the real thing. Second, his critical arguments consistently fail to passRead MoreThe Identity Theory Of Mind With Dualism1259 Words   |  6 Pagestheories have a strong effect on one another and therefore cannot be entirely separate from each other. 3. Consult pp. 52-55 of your book. What is the main thesis that Clark and Chalmers are arguing for? And what is their argument? Briefly, do you think it is a good argument? â€Å"The paper: The Extended Mind by Andy Clark and David Chalmers is a pivotal work in the field of extended cognition. In this paper, Clark and Chalmers present the idea of active externalism, in which objects within the environment

Crisis Of Identity In Michael Ondaatjes Running English Literature Essay Free Essays

string(159) " people about his parents does n’t truly state him what he wants to detect or how it relates with his journey in miring his ain crisis of individuality\." Crisis of individuality is a really common subject in most postcolonial literature. The term â€Å" post-colonial † , harmonizing to Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin in The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post- Colonial Literatures, â€Å" points out that the term is resonating with all the ambiguity and complexness of the many different cultural experiences it implicates from the minute of colonisation to the present twenty-four hours † . This explains the continuity of double stars which leads to a sense of supplanting in individualities. We will write a custom essay sample on Crisis Of Identity In Michael Ondaatjes Running English Literature Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now These double stars are set in order to distinct qualities in the procedure of ‘othering ‘ which finally leads to a hierarchal place which disintegrates people. Therefore for the intent of this essay, postcolonial literature can be defined as literature that trades with the jobs of specifying physical and emotional confrontations of individuality that is caused by eviction, cultural atomization and sense of disruption that leads to the crisis of individuality. The focal points of this essay will envelope the crisis of individuality that is dealt by Ondaatje in Running in the Family and Mr Biswas the supporter in A House for Mr. Biswas. Runing in the Family by Ondaatje is a semi autobiographical novel where he addresses the issues of battle in hold oning his individuality. Ondaatje ‘s narrative is a blend of facts and fictions as â€Å" imaginativeness is tied to the existent landscape which paints the memory of the past to make full in the missing pieces † ( Carol Elizabeth, 2000 ) . Rushdie explains this in his Fanciful Fatherlands: â€Å" It may be that authors in my place, exiles or immigrants or exiles, are haunted by by some sense of loss, some impulse to repossess, to look back, †¦ But even if we look back, we must besides make so in knowledge- which gives rise to profound uncertainties- that our physical disaffection from India about necessarily means that we will non be capable of repossessing exactly the thing that was lost ; that we will in short, create fictions, non existent metropoliss or small town, but unseeable 1s, fanciful fatherlands, Indias of the mindaˆÂ ¦ † â€Å" It may be that when the Indian author who writes outside India attempts to reflect the universe, he is obliged to cover in broken mirrors, some of whose fragments are irretrievably lost † . ( Rushdie, 10 ) This implies the journey of self find in miring crisis of individuality. Imagination plays a critical function to cover with fragments that are lost everlastingly. Imagination fills in the spreads of losing pieces of history in order to give a better apprehension of the whole issue of individuality. â€Å" This is a postcolonial text as it brings insight into the kingdom of fighting towards hold oning individuality and a sense of belonging † ( Carol Elizabeth, 2000 ) . Ondaatje, a long clip occupant of Canada, attempts to repossess and reconnect his yesteryear by going back to Sri Lanka in order to garner information about his household and his relations to hold a better penetration of his ain individuality. Due to his distance, the memories of his household has the visual aspect of â€Å" frozen opera † so Ondaatje returns to homeland â€Å" to take a breath life into these memories and touch ( his household ) into words † ( Carol Elizabeth, 2000 ) where Ondaatj e physically begins his journey miring his individuality. Ondaatje reconnects with the characters that feed his cognition of the yesteryear for illustration Aunt Phyllis. Ondaatje is fond of Aunt Phyllis because she was ever near to his male parent, Mervyn Ondaatje. This indirectly implies that Ondaatje is interested in understanding his male parent, in his hunt of individuality. In Runing in the Family he states, â€Å" The forenoon has been spent with my sister and my Aunt Phyllis seeking to follow the labyrinth of our relationships in our lineage † ( Ondaatje, 10 ) . Ondaatje battles in set uping the relativity of the narratives to his ain individuality. Ondaatje is unable to happen the connection of these narratives which sometimes seems like an hyperbole, in order to mire his crisis of individuality. â€Å" No narrative is of all time told merely one time. Whether a memory or amusing horrid dirt, we will return to it an hr subsequently and recite the narrative with add-ons and this clip a few opinions thrown in † ( Ondaatje, 12 ) . This implies that the narratives that are retold to him are memories that are added with imaginativeness, opinions and simply single position of an event that took topographic point. All these information does n’t look to assist Ondaatje in deriving a better penetration of himself. This continues Ondaatje ‘s crisis of individuality. In Runing in the Family it becomes increasingly clear that Ondaatje ‘s attempt in following his household is in fact a desire to reconnect to his male parent, Mervyn Ondaatje. His deficiency of understanding about his male parent and his male parent ‘s absence has created emptiness in him. â€Å" He left for England with his female parent after their parents ‘ divorce and his male parent who remained in Sri Lanka has died from his absence † ( Carol Elizabeth, 2000 ) . Ondaatje recollects his childhood memories about his male parent ‘s inebriation and before he was ten his parents are separated. Ondaatje feels the impulse to detangle the enigma of his parent ‘s relationship. This can be traced in Runing in the Family novel where he states: â€Å" Love personal businesss rainbowed over matrimonies and lasted for ever- so it frequently seemed that matrimony was the greater infidelityaˆÂ ¦But earlier, during their fire young person, this energy formed complex relationships, though I still can non interrupt the codification of how ‘interested in ‘ or ‘attracted ‘ they were to each other † . ( 47 ) This implies that Ondaatje inquiries the complicity of his parent ‘s relationship, where he tries to calculate out why his parents ‘ matrimony broke. â€Å" Ondaatje hears about his male parent ‘s force and inebriation, about his female parent ‘s dramatic genius, about his parent ‘s statements and about the fortunes enfolding their divorce † ( Peter, 2010 ) . Ondaatje realizes that hearing all these narratives from other people about his parents does n’t truly state him what he wants to detect or how it relates with his journey in miring his ain crisis of individuality. You read "Crisis Of Identity In Michael Ondaatjes Running English Literature Essay" in category "Best crisis essays" Ondaatje is unable to veil the existent state of affairs and it remains as a enigma. Ondaatje is unable to make full up the losing pieces of his individuality but Ed Jewinski, a biographer of Ondaatje writes â€Å" for the immature poet there was now a sense of new tradition being formed, a new vigorous and critical mentality of the universe † ( 31 ) , one that was linked but different from the British tradition that he knew ( Carol Elizabeth, 2000 ) . A House for Mr Biswas is a novel that is written by Naipaul based on his male parent ‘s advice to take him for a topic. This piece of information can be found in the Hagiographas of Thieme in The Third World Quaterly: Searching for a Centre: The Writing of V.S. Naipaul: â€Å" Naipaul ‘s existent place of birth is the ‘Lion House ‘ , an enforcing edifice in the town ‘s chief street with a alone design. The house provided the original on which Hanuman House in A House for Mr Biswas was based and it was here that Naipaul spent his earliest old ages until his household moved, in 1983 to Port of SpainaˆÂ ¦During these old ages, in the mode kindred to the mobile wonderings of Mr Biswas and his household, the Naipauls moved several times, before finally settling, in 1947 in a house in the St James in the country of Port of Spain. This house was the original for the concluding house in A House for Mr Biswas † . ( 1354 ) Mr Biswas who is a journalist working in the Port of Spain is fired merely before his decease because of his wellness status. Mr Biswas goes through the crisis of individuality as the narrative progresses. â€Å" I ‘m traveling to acquire a occupation on my ownaˆÂ ¦I am traveling to acquire my ain house excessively † are vows by Mr Biswas in his yearning for self satisfaction and freedom that preoccupies his 40 old ages crisis of individuality. Mr Biswas feels a sense of disaffection with the household and society he was populating in. This can be traced since the birth of Mr Biswas, who was born with six fingers which is perceived as a distorted individuality. This can be traced in A House For Mr Biswas: â€Å" Born in the incorrect manner. At midnight, you saidaˆÂ ¦had assumed that it was midnight the unfortunate houraˆÂ ¦the characteristics of this unfortunate male child. He will hold good dentitions but they will be instead wideaˆÂ ¦which means the male child will be a satyr and a spend-all. Possibly a prevaricator as wellaˆÂ ¦He will hold an luckless sneezing † . ( 16- 17 ) All this implies that since the birth of Mr Biswas, he is made responsible for the superstitious belief that alienates him from the household and the society he was populating in. He was perceived as the luckless one and the 1 who could hardly win in life. The go toing accoucheuse besides predicted that Mr Biswas with his uncommon finger â€Å" will eat up his parents † . Mr Biswas grew up in poorness which leads him to malnutrition, deficiency of attending and restricted mobility to travel close pools and rivers. This symbolically implies limitations that are placed throughout Mr Biswas life that are finally broken. â€Å" Mr Biswas experiences bias and ridicules throughout his life † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.allreaders.com/topics/Info_3184.asp ) . Mr Biswas was even held responsible for the decease of his male parent because of his childhood quandary by the accoucheuse. His male parent, Raghu believing his boy Biswas has drowned, dived in the pool to salva ge his submerging boy who is so standing some distance from the pool. Mr Biswas was held responsible for the incident that happened because less safeguards that is taken by Raghu himself. This creates a feeling of an foreigner in Mr Biswas which contributes to the crisis of individuality. â€Å" Mr. Biswas is wholly against the traditions of his household. He neither identifies with India nor with the people of Port of Spain. This deficiency of individuality makes him miserably rebellious†¦ .he battles whole of his life for an individuality†¦ . † ( Dhawal Kumar, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.allreaders.com/topics/Info_3184.asp ) . The crisis of individuality can besides be traced through faith in A House for Mr Biswas. The patterns of Hinduism in the Hanuman House are mocked by Mr Biswas. Mr Biswas says ; â€Å" Well, since I been in this house I begin to acquire the feeling that to be a good Hindu you must be a good Roman Catholic foremost. † ( 125 ) â€Å" The younger God came down the steps. He had been making the forenoon puja. With his little dhoti, little waistcoat, beads and illumination caste-marks he looked like a plaything sanctum adult male. He carried a brass home base on which there was a regular hexahedron of combustion camphoraˆÂ ¦offered the aromatic camphor fire to Mr Biswas. Mr Biswas rescued more soppy biscuit from the enamel cup. He put his oral cavity under the spoon, caught the biscuit that broke off, chewed noisily and said, ‘You could take that off. You know I do n’t keep with this graven image worship ‘ . † ( 130 ) Mr Biswas does n’t merely fall in with the flow by practising faith in a manner that is practiced by the Tulsi household. He feels a sense of lip service in the manner the Tulsi household patterns faith. They send their boies to Catholic schools to larn anthems and they preach themselves as being good Hindus. Mr Biswas stands up to his ain political orientations and beliefs even if he was secluded and non accepted by the household and the society he was populating in. This implies the battle and disaffection is faced by Mr Biswas in his crisis of individuality. Ondaatje, in covering with his crisis of individuality inserts a representative set of derogatory quotation marks about Sri Lanka from Lear, Lawrence and Woolf. â€Å" For Lear, the Ceylonese is detestably speculative and bother- crackbrained, barbarians who grin and chatter with one another † ( Solecki, 56 ) . â€Å" For Lawrence, Ceylon is the negation of what we ourselves stand for and are an experience- but heavens non lasting 1s. † â€Å" While to Lear, the countryside is picturesque, Woolf insists that all jungles are evil † ( Ondaatje, 78 ) . Ondaatje strikes back towards all this derogatory quotes by stating â€Å" I sit in a house in Buller ‘s Road. I am the alien. I am the profligate who hates the alien † ( Ondaatje, 79 ) . â€Å" This statement captures the insider- foreigner quandary that plagues the diasporic person in his relation to his original home- he belongs and yet does non belong † ( Carol Elizabeth, 238 ) . This implies, Ondaatje feels a sense of pride and gratefulness towards his fatherland where he fells a sense of choler when aliens picture his fatherland in derogatory footings. The alien here can besides be viewed as colonisers. In his crisis in hunt of individuality he still feels a sense of protectiveness towards his fatherland. Ondaatje goes through internal battle of individuality since the beginning of the novel. He begins it with reciting his incubus that he had in Sri Lanka ; â€Å" thorn trees in the garden direct their difficult roots underground towards the house mounting through Windowss so they can imbibe sudate off his organic structure, steal the last spit off his lingua † ( Ondaatje, 2 ) . This symbolically implies his anxiety in encompassing his yesteryear. Ondaatje besides narrates about his childhood experiences in Sri Lanka about the conditions of suites that he used to populate in during that clip. Ondaatje besides talks about Aunt Dolly and the infirmity of her status and his soft embracing towards her. This implies symbolically the attack of embracing towards his fatherland by taking baby stairss to beg and research his yesteryear. â€Å" The ambivalency and confusion in seeking for his individuality and sense of belonging is translated into uncertainnesss of the traveller returning to his fatherland † ( Carol Elizabeth, 2000 ) . The author does n’t feign that he understands everything. There is merely â€Å" glances, bits of history and voices that fill infinite † ( Carol Elizabeth, 2000 ) . Ondaatje announces that â€Å" what began it all was the bright bone of dream I could hardly keep onto † ( Ondaatje, 21 ) . â€Å" This dream turns out to be the dream of a lost childhood where beds of past overlapping the present † . â€Å" This is conjured up in several memories piled upon each other. Unfortunately these beds of memories fail to solidify † ( Solecki, 77 ) . Most of his fragments of memories fail to reply the inquiries he has about his individuality so the crisis of individuality preoccupies. In A House for Mr Biswas as discussed by Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin in the Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post- Colonial Literature in the thematic analogues the â€Å" building or destruction of houses or edifices in post-colonial locations is repeating and redolent figure for the problematic of post- colonial individuality in plants from really different societies † . This symbolically implies that the destruction of an old edifice implies rejecting the individuality of the coloniser into constructing a new edifice which means building a new individuality. Constructing a new individuality and rejecting the old is what has been done by Mr Biswas. Mr Biswas struggled to populate up his ain picks from the commanding Tulsi ‘s household. Mr Biswas eventually owns his ain house and he feels his crisis of individuality resolved. Even the house is in an imperfect status ; Mr Biswas looks through the imperfectness. The status of the house stated in A House for M r Biswas ; â€Å" decomposing fencing, the disintegrating slum house at the backaˆÂ ¦two of the wooden pillars back uping the stairway landing were rotten, whittled off towards the underside and green with moistnesss. They all discovered the stairway was unsafe. At every measure it shook, and the lightest zephyr the sloping corrugated Fe sheets rose in the center and gave catchs which were like metallic suspirations † ( Naipaul, 573 ) . The crisis of individuality in Ondaatje ‘s Running in the Family is an on-going procedure where the realisation for ego individuality continues. â€Å" It is Ondaatje ‘s diasporic background that determines the subjects in his plants. True of the diasporic esthesia with its narrative disruption, Ondaatje ‘s demand to joint place and individuality is textualized into the really cloth of his Hagiographas, which inturn makes his plants extremely textured and complex † ( Carol Elizabeth, 2000 ) . Elementss of myth, imaginativeness and opinions are parts and package of Ondaatje ‘s on-going hunt for his unsolved individuality crisis. On the other manus in A House for Mr Biswas his crisis of individuality is resolved through his perceptual experience by having the house. The house becomes a paradigm displacement in Mr Biswas life where it demolishes the old individuality of the restrained, into a new individuality of independency and self goaded way of populat ing his life. The narrative builds up his crisis of individuality and eventually resolves it with Mr Biswas decease as closing. Work Cited Ashcroff, Bill ; Griffiths, Gareth A ; Tiffin, Helen. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post- Colonial Literature. London As ; New York: Routledge, 1989. Rushdie, Salman. Fanciful Fatherlands: Essay and Criticism 1989- 1991. London: Granta Books, 1992. Coughlan, Peter. A Conversation with Michael Ondaatje: Meander If You Want to Get to Town Toronto, March 28, 2001. Leon, Carol Elizabeth. Movement and belonging: lines, topographic points and infinites of travel in selected Hagiographas of Naipaul, Ondaatje, Lawrence and White. Thesis ( Ph.D ) . The Australian National University, 2000. Thieme, John. Third World Quarterly: Searching for a Centre ; The Writing of V.S. Naipaul. Vol. 9, No. 4, ( pp. 1352- 1356 ) . Taylor A ; Francis Ltd, Oct 1987. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org/stable/3991661 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.allreaders.com/topics/Info_3184.asp How to cite Crisis Of Identity In Michael Ondaatjes Running English Literature Essay, Essays

The key strands of thought in Sociology Essay Example

The key strands of thought in Sociology Essay In this assignment I intend to examine in detail some of the main strands of thought associated with industrial sociology. To avoid the notion of schools of thought within sociology the term strand has been coined which allows to bring together the different contributions with whom a pattern has appeared and have something in common (Watson, 2003, p. 21) In exploring this topic in further detail one can see that there are six main strands. These include the managerial-psychologistic strand in which Watson points out is a strand in which contains what are usually seen as quite separate and indeed contrasting styles of thought (Watson, 2003 p. 21) Other stands include work by influential and renowned figures of sociology who include Durkheim in the Durkheim-systems strand, Marx in the Marxian strand and Weber in the Weber-social action strand. Lastly the sixth strand which will be examined within the assignment is that of the postmodernist perspective and poststructuralist. The first strand that will be explored is the managerial-psychologistic strand. This strand can be broken down into two key developments in this strand which are Scientific management and Psychological humanism. In looking at this one could argue that this strand does not strictly cover the work of sociology at work but rather it looks at the human side and is one in which sociologists look to and indeed critique to provide alternatives. We will write a custom essay sample on The key strands of thought in Sociology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The key strands of thought in Sociology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The key strands of thought in Sociology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The scientific managements advocate was F.W Taylor whom was an American engineer and consultant between 18-56-1917. Essentially what Taylor tried to do was develop an efficient work-force by cutting the unnecessary workers which became surplus to requirements due to the experiments he conducted which focused on the time being the factor. Taylors formulation signified producing more for lower cost per unit, usually by eliminating unnecessary workers. Similarly, how quickly signified that time and money were equivalent. Above all, efficiency was a science (Norton, 2006 p. 468) According to Watson (2003, p. 21) psychologism is a tendency to explain social behaviour based solely on terms of the psychological characteristics of the individual. This leads onto an important sociologists work; Mc Gregors theory X and Y. Essentially what this theory is trying to establish is that workers have a need to find fulfilment at work (Parker et al. 1967 p, 158) Theory X suggests that individuals need to be controlled by managers whereas Theory Y suggests that managers should adapt a strategy of worker self-fulfilment. If they do not, they will feel deprived, resulting in a work force negatively inclined to managements goals. (Parker et al. 1967, p, 158) Another aspect of the psychologistic strand in the people with needs, democratic humanism is that of Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper hierarchy of needs. Essentially what Maslow was implying was that a person has a basic set of needs that need to be fulfilled before one can move onto the next level of needs. As people move up the pyramid the needs become more social and psychological as opposed to the base levels which are effectively very basic needs like shelter, food and sleep. One can see that the humanistic nature of the psychological strand leads onto and indeed can be linked to that of the Durkheim-systems strand which will now be explored. Durkheim-systems styles contrasts with that of the psychologistic in that it looks at the social system in which the individual is a part. Watson (2003, p, 27) describes the social system as society as a whole, or, alternatively, it may be the work of the organisation or even a subunit of the organisation. The key idea within this concept is that the relationship patterns within a society are explored rather than the actual individual. One of the leading sociologists who pioneered this work is Emile Durkheim. Durkheim explored the concept of anomie which as Watson (2003, p, 28) describes a form of social breakdown in which the norms that would otherwise prevail in a given situation cease to operate. Durkheim gave rise to a concept which is coined as systems thinking. Watson (2008, p. 44) describes systems thinking as social entities such as societies or organisations which are viewed as if they were self-regulating bodies exchanging energy and matter with their environment in order to survive. It can be argued that the greatest benefit of systems thinking gave rise to the development of study on work organisations which became recognised as a part of a social environment. Two important strengths from recognising the organisation as an environment where relationships have to be developed and maintained in order for the organisation to continue and also the fact that any factor affecting relationships in subunit of the organisation can be impacted on in another part of the organisation. The influence on systems thinking has a long reach into industrial relations and played a key part in many of the reports commissioned and indeed had its roots planted deeply in the Fox report of 1972.

World War Term Paper Topics

World War Term Paper Topics So your professor just assigned you a horribly long 8 page history term paper assignment, and gave you a week to accomplish it. If that happened – you have come to the right place as our term paper writing company will help and give you a couple of tips on how to write an excellent world war term paper, and make sure the professor will also acknowledge your efforts. In the best case – the professor gave you a list of topics to choose from and you can pick either topic and be graded equally with other world war term paper topics. In this case you won’t have to panic, as all you simply need to do – is conduct a proper research and write a good world war term paper.  The worst you can do – is fail the world war term paper text, and not cover the topic properly. This totally depends on you, and if you manage to write a good text – everything will be great, or simply order a custom world war term paper and let the writer choose a good topic from all your given world war term paper topics. In the worst case – the professor will not limit you with the world war term paper topics, and you will have to come up with one of your own. This definitely will be harder and you will have to put in more effort to write a good paper. Now, not only the text of your world war term paper results your grade but the world war term paper topic as well. When thinking of a good world war term paper topic – you need to try to find a world war term paper topic vague enough for you to be creative and imaginative, but specific enough to be able to focus on a specific aspect. For example, if you are thinking to write a world war term paper named World War I – it will be a very vague topic, and you won’t be able to cover all the material in 8 pages, as world war will probably take 40 or more pages, and if you focus on a specific aspect of the World War I – you will need to name the paper appropriately. Try finding an interesting topic in the World War I section, such as The role of women in the World War I. This topic is specific enough, and will show your professor the main idea of your paper. As soon as you have come up with the best world war term paper topic – you need to start writing the structure of your world war term paper. The structure is something that tells you what to write about, and the order of your thoughts. When developing the structure of your world war term paper, you need to perform a little brainstorming and make sure you cover the whole subject you have chosen. Brainstorming will help you make sure not one single idea is missed. Some ideas you come with might seem crazy, but still write them down. Maybe in future you will develop a better thought, based on a crazy idea you have written down. When writing a paper on World War I, the internet and libraries are not your only source of information. Try to find some other unique sources which will make your world war term paper more interesting and personal. A great way to do that is to check if your ancestors have something: Diaries, notebooks, journals will do. This way you will show your history professor that there is much more you know, than is provided in class, and you will have a great mark for your world war term paper. The list of possible World War essay topics: 1. The Beginning of World War II 2. Origins of World War I 3. Women In World War II 4. Who Started World War I? 5. Major Weapons in World War II 6. Was the First World War a Total war for Britain? 7. The Causes and Effects of World War I 8. Ireland during World War II 9. American  Reflections of World War I: The Great War 10. Reasons for Russia entering the WWI 11. Civil War in the Former Yugoslavia During World War II 12. Similarities and differences between the first and second World Wars 13. Causes Consequences of WWI 14. DBQ on WWI 15. United States’ Involvement in WWI 16. The Colossus: A Great Invention of WWII 17. Hitlers Search for  Religious Artifacts During WWII 18. How Effective was Canadas Role in WWII?

A Review of Reading Eggspress

A Review of Reading Eggspress Reading Eggspress is an interactive online program intended for students in grades second through sixth and designed to build reading and comprehension skills. Reading Eggspress is a direct extension of the Reading Eggs program. Both programs are sold as a single unit. This means that if you purchase the program for Reading Eggs, you also have access to Reading Eggspress and vice versa. The two programs are uniquely different, but intertwined at their core. Whereas Reading Eggs is a learning to read program, Reading Eggspress is a reading to learn program. The program was originally developed in Australia by Blake Publishing, but brought to schools in the United States by the same company that developed Study Island, Archipelago Learning. Reading Eggspress was designed to actively engage students in fun, interactive activities that build their vocabulary knowledge, comprehension skills, and overall reading level. The components found in Reading Eggspress include a wide range of lessons, learning resources, games designed to motivate, and e-books. This program is not intended to replace traditional classroom instruction, but instead as a supplemental program that can aid in comprehension skill building. There are 240 interactive comprehension lessons in 24 levels of Reading Eggspress. Each level contains ten books that students can choose from. There are five   non-fiction and  fiction books to choose for every level. Each unique lesson includes five pre-reading activities that build and teach comprehension strategies. At the end of each lesson is a passage from a story. Students are required to read the passage and answer a set of sixteen comprehension questions to assess a student’s understanding of that passage. Students must score a 75% or better on the quiz to move on to the next level. Reading Eggspress is Teacher/Parent Friendly Reading Eggspress is easy to add a single student or a whole class.Reading Eggspress has terrific reporting that makes it easy to monitor individual student or whole class progress.Reading Eggspress provides teachers with a downloadable letter to send home to parents. The letter explains what Reading Eggspress is and provides login information for students to work on the program at home at no additional cost. It also provides parents with the opportunity to have an account to track their student’s progress at no additional cost.Reading Eggspress provides teachers with a comprehensive user guide as well as toolkit loaded with books, lesson plans, resources, and activities. The teacher toolkit has over 500 library book titles with worksheets and activities that they can use in conjunction with their Smart Board to interactively teach lessons to the whole class. Reading Eggspress is Instructional with Diagnostic Components Reading Eggspress provides teachers and parents with the opportunity to assign specific levels to students and differentiate instruction. For example if a third grade teacher has two students who are advanced they can automatically place them in a higher grade level.Reading Eggspress also provides teachers and parents with the option of giving each student a diagnostic placement test. This test consists of twenty questions. When the student misses three questions, then the program assigns them to the appropriate lesson that corresponds to how they did on the placement test. This allows students to skip past levels which they have already mastered and places them at the level in the program where they should be.Reading Eggspress allows teachers and parents to reset a student’s progress at any time in the program. Reading Eggspress is Fun Interactive Reading Eggspress has age appropriate themes and animations.Reading Eggspress allows users to create and personalize their own unique avatar.Reading Eggspress provides users with incentives and rewards. Each time they complete an activity, they are rewarded with golden eggs. Their egg count is kept in the top right corner of the screen. They can the eggs to buy pets, clothes for their avatar, or accessories for their house.Reading Eggspress allows users who complete a lesson to earn a collectible trading card. The user gets to select which category they want the card to be associated with including Fantastica, Beastie, Animalia, Astrotek, Starstruck, and Worldspan. Cards are then placed in the user’s apartment. Users can also purchase cards at the mall with their earned eggs.Reading Eggspress allows users to earn medals. For every thousand eggs earned in a week, a student earns a bronze medal. A silver medal is earned for five thousand eggs. A gold medal is earned for fifteen thousand eggs. Reading Eggspress allows users to keep track of targets (goals). There is a target with an arrow in the center in the top right corner of the interface. Users who click this will see targets (goals) that they have met in the program as well as targets (goals) that they have not met. Reading Eggspress is Comprehensive Reading Eggspress has several other learning activities and games aside from those in the standard 240 comprehension lessons.The Gym is where you will find all the comprehension lessons and activities. There is also a daily game located in the gym. This game changes each day and focuses on a variety of reading skills. Students can compete against other users across the nation for the daily high score.The Library consists of over 600 e-books in both fiction and non-fiction. The library is easily searchable by title or topic. Students who found a particular passage in the comprehension gym to be interesting can go to the library to read the entire book. Students can click on a single book in the library to find out information including the author, number of pages, how many eggs they can earn from reading it, and how many other users have read it. At the end of the book students will be given a comprehension quiz and they will also be able to rate the book. They can also save books tha t they especially enjoy on their favorite’s shelf. The Stadium allows you to competitively build individual skills in the areas of spelling, grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure. There are four games that you can choose to challenge the computer or play head to head with another user is logged into the program at the same time. The games include spelling sprint, grammar skating, vocabulary pursuit, and freestyle usage. There are five difficulty levels for the user to choose from for each game.The Mall is the place where students can use their eggs to purchase a variety of different things. Stores in the mall include Passion for Fashion, Dressed to Thrill, Collector’s Corner, Apartment Living, and Perfect Pets.The Apartment is the place where students can change their avatar, view their trading cards, see their trophies, or decorate their apartment. The apartment also contains access to a game called Quote Quest where students use clues to search through tunnels to find quotes from different books. Students can earn eggs by finding the quotes and choosing the correct book. Cost Parents can purchase a one year subscription to Reading Eggspress for $75.00 and a 6 month subscription for $49.95. They also have the option to purchase a monthly subscription at $9.95 per month. Schools can purchase annual classroom subscriptions for 1-35 students for $269, 36-70 students for $509, 71-105 students for $749, 106-140 students for $979, 141-175 students for $1,199, 176-245 students for $1,659, 246-355 students for $1,979, 356-500 students for $2,139, 501-750 students for $3000, and 750 students will cost $4 per student. Overall Reading Eggspress is a terrific program to build a student’s reading comprehension skills. I have used this program with students and they absolutely love to use it. In fact, they will try to negotiate to stay on the program longer. As a teacher, I especially like how each lesson builds skills essential to comprehension before students are required to read and take a quiz. Reading comprehension is so much more than just passing a quiz and this program does it the right way and presents it to students through a method that is engaging, fun, and interactive. Overall, I give this program a five out five stars, because I believe it does what it is intended to do and effectively keeps the users attention at the same time.

Becoming a master student Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Becoming a master student - Essay Example In fact, it is not what happens to us that becomes an experience, but rather, how we think about what happens to us. This way, thoughts progress eventually and become part of our growth. 2. Clarence Darrow, who had the reputation of being an excellent American lawyer and civil libertarian, feels that the power to think rests in the power to laugh. If you are unable to laugh, it means you create a situation where your thoughts are stifled by unnecessary stress. The positive energy of laughter creates an ambience for clear, proactive thoughts. People who are ill-tempered are also known to be thoughtless. On the other hand, those who are able to see the lighter side of life in everything emerge as true winners where the power of thoughts is the need of the hour. Moreover, a person with a sense of humour connects well with others, and her/his thoughts can very well be communicated to others quickly because of this. 3. Ralph Waldo Emerson, the American writer who led the Transcendentalist Movement in the mid 19th century, believes that the hardest task on earth is to think. There is a common misunderstanding that it is quite easy to ‘think’, but the truth remains that real thinking calls for intelligence and logical aptitude. Otherwise, one may end up acting thoughtlessly. It is not the quantity of thought, but its quality that matters ultimately. Anyone who is capable of using quality time thinking about something relevant is apt to come up with new perspectives n life, and in some cases, even solutions to the most difficult problems in life. None of the scientific inventions and historical discoveries could have materialized out of thoughtless endeavors. Thoughts are tough to materialize out of vacuum; it calls for dedicated work for a prolonged time. 4. Voltaire, the French philosopher and writer, reveals how those who think are excessively few in the world. And he adds that those who do not think set

Philosophy questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Philosophy questions - Assignment Example Also, in a utilitarian context, the outcome of prop 30 will be propitious in the sense that the proposed increase in taxes will not impact the high income segments that drastically, since they will yet be left with much money to support their lifestyle, and will still lead to an outcome that will be favorable and good for the entire society that is the best possible outcome (Scarre 126). Answer 2. Given the context that a CEO decides to lay off 10 percent of the workforce to restore profitability of a firm that has shown looses for two consecutive quarters; Gandolfi will certainly disagree with this strategy. In the vast body of literature produced by Gandolfi on the concept of downsizing, he has immaculately proved beyond doubt that the firms opting for large scale layoffs in response to constrained financial and economic scenarios are not only very rarely able to outperform financially, but layoffs also lead to debilitating consequences, which negatively impact the moral of the left over employees and managers (Gandolfi 3). Yet, most of the CEOs prefer to opt for downsizing, which though registers favorably in the financial statements in the short run, leads to unfavorable long term consequences like lose of the trained and skilled labor, creation of distrust and apprehension in the human resources, depletion of moral, shaking of the investor confidence, falling of stock prices and unemployment. This viewpoint will certainly be supported by Aristotle, who held that the highest good was desirable for itself and all the other goods were subservient to it (Peters 10). Hence, retaining the workforce during tough times is a good that brings within its fold many other goods like employment, investor confidence, high moral and profitability in the long and the short

The process in Financial intermediation in the banking sector

The process in Financial intermediation in the banking sector The financial intermediation is defined as the process which had been carried out by the financial intermediaries as the middleman between the borrower (spender) and lender (saver) to smooth the flow of fund. The financial intermediation called as the process of using the indirect finance in the financial system, which the primary route to transfer funds from lender to borrower. Those savers who have the surplus money will deposits their fund in the financial institution, which will lends those funds to borrowers such as business firms, households, government or foreigners who shortage of fund. Financial intermediary are those financial institution such as commercial bank, finance company, merchant bank, Islamic bank and Brokerage Company. The financial intermediary help to transfer the funds between the lender and borrower in the ways of borrow money from the lender-saver and then using this money to make loan to borrower-spender. For example, the financial institution acquires fund s through public by issuing liabilities such as time deposits and saving accounts. After that, the bank might use that fund to acquire an asset by making loan to the people needed fund for investment or buying that company bond in the financial market. As a result, with the help of financial intermediary, the money successfully transfers from public to the borrower. Financial intermediaries play an important role in the financial system because they help to facilitate the risk transfer and in dealing with the increasingly complex of financial instruments and markets. The financial intermediarys role is to transform the assets which are less desirable by a large portion of public in to assets that are more preferable by the public. This transforming have serve four economic function which are providing maturity intermediation, reduction of risk by diversification, reducing the contracting and information processing costs and to provide a efficient payment mechanism. Besides, many subsequent authors also have stressed about the role of transaction cost in the financial intermediaries. Due to the financial intermediaries are very specializing in information processing, they have create the well-functioning financial institutions that has greatly reduced the transaction and information for customer. They can achieve the economy of balance through sp ecialization; this is because they are handling very large number of transaction so they are able to minimize the fixed costs by ward off the same production of information faced by borrower and lender. In addition, Petersen and Rajan (1994) stated that financial intermediaries develop specialist or expert people in evaluating prospective borrowers and investments projects. Other than that, they can also exploit customer information and reuse that information over time and again. As a result, there are more funds are made available for investments. For example, the fixed cost of assets evaluation mean that the financial intermediaries have an advantage over an individual because they allow the costs to be shared. Faulkender and Petersen (2003) mentioned that the information acquisition cost maybe still can lower down by establish a long-run relationship between the borrower and financial intermediaries. Furthermore, financial intermediation has gain confidence and trust from the pub lic by protect their assets with providing efficient service to help them manage their assets. This is because the financial intermediaries help them channel funds more efficiently to productive investments through funding pooling, better identification and monitoring of profitable investments and risk diversification. Diversification allows allocating assets and bearing risks more efficiently. Those investments are protected against from unconscientiously borrowers by the institutions qualified loan officers and well-trained investment analysts seek good investment opportunities and screen prospective securities so as to obtain the best yield available for the risk level that suits the investors preferences. Thus, the financial intermediaries are vital part for our economic system and in order to maintain the flow of money in the economy. Diamond and Dybvig (1983) show that how the financial intermediaries can improve the risk sharing and thus improve the economy welfare. The financial intermediarys help to diversify the risk of the lenders (savers) by help them to investigate their savings across different sector of business. They have the ability to get the important information that concern about the borrowers financial position compare to those in direct finance route which lender directly lends their money to borrowers in financial market without any information about the borrowers. Financial intermediaries can have the borrowers such important information is because they already have a history of exercising discretion with this type of information, and help to reduce unreliable information concerning the borrowers. This will help to solve the problems create by asymmetric information which are adverse selection and moral hazards. Financial intermediaries help them to screen risk, monitor risk and evaluate risk. It is more efficient for financial institution to screen the investment opportunity and risk on behalf of individuals compare to an individual to screen its. Since the institution has all the important information available about the lenders and borrowers, it helps to reduce the information costs for analyzing their data and save their time. Thus, individual can enjoy other services provided by the financial institution which can enable them to deposit and withdrawal funds without negotiation whereas the borrowers can avoid having a deal with individual investors. It concludes that it helps those individual not only save their time and money, and also offer low risk investment opportunity to them. If there is no the financial intermediaries, the lenders-savers and borrowers-spenders have to pay higher transaction and information costs and the facing the problem create by the asymmetric information such as adverse selection problem and moral hazards problems. Hirshleifer and Riley (1 979) said that adverse selection problems arise before the transaction occurs. Usually those people who agreeable to pay higher interest rate will be worse risk and thus the lenders are more likely had make a loan to high risk borrowers This problem only occurs on the borrowers but not the lenders. However, the moral hazard problem occurs after the transaction which it arise just as the borrowers involve in the chance of their loan will being repaid back to the lenders. It also will happen when the borrowers is taking too much risk as the costs incur more than the benefit that gains by borrowers. Therefore, it will discourage the individual savers from lending money to those borrowers who have such investment opportunity and affected the whole economic development in the country. Amina (2009) show that financial intermediaries also provide maturity flexibility service to individuals by creating financial claims with wide range of maturities so as to balance the maturity of different instruments so as to reduce the gap between assets and liabilities. As if there are no financial intermediaries, individual savers have to purchase the securities of borrowers it will lead them to have many uncertain risks such as the conflicting of the maturity needs of lender and borrower. For example, most lenders would like to lend money at short maturity, however normally the borrower will attempt to borrow for a longer maturity. It would make difficult for the borrower to match their larger loan amount with the small amounts of individual savings which are desired by the lenders then it will make the borrowing more difficult. In addition, financial intermediaries perform an important function as maturity intermediation to make sure investment from lenders and money borrowing for borrowers flawless. In the existence of financial intermediary, individuals income tax differentials are mitigated which it help to transfer tax deductions from low to high income tax payers and to provide tax free services in place of taxable interest. For example, the income invested in and earned by pension funds is not taxed until retirement when the rates are generally lower than before the retirement. Beside, commercial bank also rewards depositors with free service, which are non taxable, rather than pay interest, which is taxable. The depositors will receive nontaxable benefits such as checking accounts, travelers checks and low rate loan in return for the use of the money. In conclusion, the existence of financial intermediary played a very important role in the economic development of the country. In this modern world, it would not have been so efficient, aggressive and progressive without the financial intermediation. Financial intermediaries provide a convenient and safe place where lenders can safely invest excess money and borrowers can easily borrow fund with the low cost and low risk. Question 2: Compare money and capital markets and identify the major issuers of securities in the different markets and the difference among the various types of securities within and between each of the markets. Within your discussion of the money markets include a consideration of the role of the Federal Reserve System (Fed) and the banking system as they interact through required reserve maintenance and monetary policy actions by the Fed. Consider in your analysis the types and significance of the links between the money and capital markets via the term structure of interest rates, issuers of debt and equity, or the characteristics of these securities. There were two group of markets can be found in financial market. They were the capital market and the money market. Although they both come from financial market but they consist of differences. In capital market, we will found the stocks and bond market but in general it is the market for securities where long term funds can be raised by companies or government. To raise the funds, a person needs to purchase a price-set bond in order to borrow their money to the government or business for period of time and this will gain higher return as promised. The government or company paid the lenders through interest that accrues from the borrowings. Another way for the government or company to raise the fund is through the stock market. By using this method, they will sell shares of their stock which is the ownership of the company to the public or companies. Dividends will be paid to the shareholders as agreed by the company as the return on their investment. There were two markets in the capital market: Primary market and secondary market. New issues are distributed to the investor in the primary market and the secondary market is the place where trade securities. In money market, it is about the global financial market. The money market is the place where borrowing and lending in a short-term period. Short-term liquid funding also will be provided to the global financial system. The period of the borrowing of money by the company in a money market has an average of thirteen months. There are few common types of things that being used in the money market such as bankers acceptance, certificates of deposits, commercial paper and repurchase agreements. Normally the money market consists of banks borrowing and lending but money market also will involve by financial companies. A large amounts of asset where issued by the finance companies to fund themselves which is secured by the promise of eligible assets into an asset backed commercial paper conduit. The difference between the two markets is that capital market is for long term investment. They were selling stocks and bonds to borrow money from investors to operate their company. In money markets, it is the short term borrowing or lending market. The banks borrow and lend between themselves and it is usually paid back within thirteen months. The differences can be seen through the ways the two markets used for borrowing or lending transaction. In capital market, primary and secondary markets are interrelated. Securities emerge in primary market while other dealings take place in secondary market. However, there was no sub-division in money market. In efficient money market, secondary market does take place too. In capital market, the financial instrument that being used are debentures, shares, public sector bonds and units of mutual funds. On the other hand, money market uses different financial instruments such as Treasury bill, call money, commercial papers, and certificate of deposits. There were several characteristic of the securities in the money market. They are rapid maturity, safety, liquidity funds of securities of the money market. Short-term capital requirements of the business and government can be solve by issuing money market securities. The maturity of the securities is between three months and matured within one year. Federal funds and repurchase agreements are the money market instruments that examine the maturity of the securities. The credit ratings that surpass the other investment grade debt instruments make money market securities the safest investments available. (Jim Orrill, 2010) The SEC helps ensure this safety by mandating that at least 95% of a money market funds securities must be ones that have earned the highest rating of at least two of the five major credit rating institutions. Federal Reserve System is often referred as Fed is the central bank of the United States. In Malaysia, Bank Negara Malaysia or BNM is our central bank. Although central bank may differ in terms of structure and modus but they have common responsibility which is to maintain the monetary and financial stability. Sometimes, they are responsible for developing the financial infrastructure and participating in the overall development of nation. Bank Negara Malaysia is responsible to maintain the monetary stability. Preserved the value of the ringgit is the best way to ensure the price stability. This can maintain the inflation of the country low and stable. By maintaining the inflation at low and stable condition will not diminished the purchasing power of ringgit. When the inflation rate is high, people will tend to consider about their purchasing power. When this happened, demand for real assets like properties and houses will be higher because they were thought to be more inflation-proof. Interest of people will be less on investment in the productive capacity of the economy. The interest of holding saving in the financial system will be lesser as they expect that their savings value will be diminished. Fixed income earners will feel their ability to purchase goods and services become less. Bank Negara Malaysia influences the level of interest rates to conduct its monetary policy. Interest rates are the rate that the borrowers of the loan have to pay and the depositors earn on their deposits. To encourage people to save more, interest rate will be given at a high rate. When the economic is weak, funds will be injected into the banking system to reduce the interest rates. Economic activity will be stimulated by the increasing consumption and investment. (Elgilani Eltahir Elshareif, 2010) Short term and long term interest rates of fixed securities is important for the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. Usually the short-term rates will be influence by central bank, while the basis of investors expectations of future real interest rates and inflation affect long-term rates. The future real interest rates will affect the domestic investment and production. The real sector of the economy will affect by the term structure transmits monetary policy. In the open economy system, the structure will affect international capital flows and hence exchange rate. Required reserve is referring to the amount that the banking institution place with the BNM in compliance with the Statutory Reserve Requirement. Cash in vault of the banking institution and the demand deposits with BNM are considered as excess reserves. Demand and time deposits placed by the financial corporations are deposits of the private sector. Money market securities are extremely liquid can be converted into cash quickly. As the principles of these debts are repaid very rapidly thus the liquidity of the investment was gained. These securities give the optimum way to the public to invest in the money market securities by trading in large denominations. The money market securities are a wholesale market of short term debt instruments. Question 3: Are the following statements consistent or inconsistent? Explain your answer and discuss how equilibrium is achieved between the futures and cash markets. Answer: Yes, the statement equilibrium is achieved between the futures and cash markets is consistent. An equilibrium relationship can be exists between cash and futures markets. In order to explain how equilibrium is achieved between the futures and cash markets, we first need to take a look on the meaning of future and cash markets and understand how they functions in the commodity market, then we proceed with the basic relationship that arises between both markets. Lastly, we will explain how arbitrage and the law of supply and demand lead the future price to the equilibrium level. The futures market is a place where participants can trade for future contract. A future contract is a contract that involves two parties to buy or sell a specified asset on a specified future date at a price agreed today. While the cash market is a market in which the buyer makes an immediate payment for physical commodities that equal to the current market price, which also called the spot price. The purchaser of a future contract which represent as a long position holder undertakes to receive the delivery of the commodity on future and want to pay it for a low price as possible, while the seller of a futures contract which represent as a short position holder promises to deliver the commodity on future and want to receive a high payment as possible. Long Position Short Position Hedger Secure a current price to protect against future rising Secure a current price to protect against future declining price Speculator Secure a current price in anticipation of rising prices Secure a current price in anticipation of declining prices As above mentioned, the traders in the future market basically classified into two categories: hedgers and speculators. Hedgers can be farmers, dealer, foresters and oil drillers. They have the preexistence risk that connected with a commodity and they enter the market to reduce that risk. Thus, intended to protect against the price risks, they on purpose trade in the futures market to secure the future price of a commodity and sell it later in the cash market. Unlike hedger, speculators aim to profit from the vary price change that hedgers are protecting themselves against. They do not intend to minimize the risk but rather to get benefits from the intrinsically risky nature of the commodity market. For example, we assume a farmer bears the risk at the planting time associated with the uncertain harvest price his wheat will worth on the later 6 months. To avoid this risk he may enter the future market and sell a future contract. For instance, if the current market price for wheat is $10 per ton and he expected to produce 1000 tons of wheat in the next six months, he could lock the price at $10 per ton and selling a 1000 tons wheat future contract. In this manner, the farmer intends to establish a price today that will be harvested in the futures. At the end of the 6 months, the price of wheat in the cash market is actually $9 per ton, so the farmer benefit from the future contact and escapes the lower price. However, if the prices of wheat in cash market were $11 per ton, then the speculator would benefit from the future contact instead of the farmer. Since the future prices are fluctuate based on unpredictable circumstance, the gap between future price and spot price might be huge, hence, people calling the basis as referring to the difference between the cash price and future price of a contract. When a future contract near to its maturity date, the future price and spot price will move close to each other and finally become the same at expiration. Which means the basis must be zero at the maturity of the future contract. From Fig 4.3, we can see that as the delivery month of a future contract is neared, the futures price centralize to the spot price of the asset, and at the delivery period, future price equals to the spot price. So, as time passes, the basis narrows approach maturity of the contract. This behavior of the basis over time is known as convergence, this can be easily explained by arbitrage and the law of supply and demand. For example, suppose that future price is much higher than the spot price as time goes near to the contracts month of delivery. In this condition, traders will catch the arbitrage opportunity of shorting futures contracts, buying more underlying asset and then making delivery. Due to this, the future price will tend to fall, and suppose that future price is much lower than the spot price. Again, there will be arbitrage opportunity, traders are more willing to acquire short contract and cause more long future contract in the market. Thus, the futures price will tend to arise. In this manner, whether the future price is lower or higher to the spot price, at the expiration, both will be equal. In terms of supply and demand, the effect of arbitrage attracts traders to shorting futures contract and creates an increase the supply of contracts to market so makes the future price fall. Inversely, buying the underlying asset causes the demand of assets increase; as a result the future spot price will increase as well. In conclusion, we know that no matter how the future price is difference to the cash price, at the maturity, the basic must be zero, which means that the future price and cash price are equal. Therefore, we can say equilibrium is achieved between the futures and cash markets. Question 5: If banking were to be based on interest-free transactions, how would it work in practice? Do we really need Islamic banks? Is Islamic banking viable? How does Islamic banking fare and conventional banking differ? How many Islamic banks are working at present and where? The Interest-free transactions of Banks Practice Islamic banks are the financial institutions that operate base on Shariah principles. Islamic scholars commend trade-oriented banking in place of traditional interest-bearing credit oriented banking. The major vehicle of interest-free banking is a two-tier mudarabah, which is a business contract negotiated on the basis of profit-sharing ratios between two profits-seeking parties, A and B. Parties A provide funds to party B, party B independently manages the business according to the agreed terms. From the banking point of view, it is an advance agreement on a ratio in which realized business profits are to be shared. The basis of two-tier mudarabah is one mudarabah between the surplus economic units (depositors) and financial institution in order to replace interest-bearing contracts between savers and banks; and another mudarabah between the financial institutions and the deficit economic units in order to replace interest-bearing contracts between banks and ultimate users of funds. So, banks can negotiate deposits and advances on the basis of profit-sharing ratios. In effect, interest-bearing loans are replaced by profit-seeking investments and qard hasanah (loans on zero interest). Interest-free financial institution can efficiently perform all types of intermediation after eliminating interest from the system and the replacement of interest rates by profit-sharing ratios has profound macroeconomic consequences for unemployment, inflation, stability, growth, and income distribution. The Needs of Islamic Banks With Conventional Bank Many Islamic banks use the facilities of conventional banks for treasury management, foreign exchange, portfolio services and investment banking. Major multinational conventional banks have the critical mass to provide specialist service while Islamic banks are usually too small in size to take on such services themselves. Outsourcing makes sense for organizations when the benefits of internalization are outweighed by the administrative costs of trying to extend their functions into new areas where demand is limited. As most Islamic banks are located in the Muslim world, where most of the demand is for core banking services rather than for highly specialized finance, it is a potential management distraction to widen the facilities on offer excessively. This could actually result in deterioration in the quality of the basic level of deposit and funding services. Islamic Bank is Viable Islamic banking and finance are emerging as viable alternatives to conventional interest-based banking and financing. The long run goal of BNM is to construct an Islamic banking system operates same as the conventional banking system. However, an Islamic banking system requires three important elements to qualify as a viable system, such as a large number of players, various types of instruments and money market in Islamic world. In addition, the socio-economic values in Islam must be reflected in an Islamic banking system. BNM spreads the virtues of Islamic banking to distribute Islamic banking on countrywide with a lot of players and able to reach all Malaysians by achieving the above objective. Islamic financial products and services are being in their existing infrastructure and branches. It was seen as the most successful way to increase the number of financial institutions offering Islamic banking services efficiently. On 4 March 1993, BNM introduced an idea is known as Interest-free Banking Scheme (Skim Perbankan Tanpa Faedah). There are many Islamic banking services that provided by the banks using a range of Islamic concepts such as Mudarabah, Musyarakah, Murabahah, Ijarah and others. Mudarabah (Profit-sharing) A capital provider and another party to allow the entrepreneur to carry out business projects based on a profit sharing ratio under an agreement. However, the capital provider of the funds needs to bear all losses. Musyarakah (Joint Venture) The sharing of profits will be distributed base on predetermined ratio for a partnership or joint venture of a particular business. Both parties will bear the losses base on equity participation. Murabahah (Cost Plus) Sales agreement is applicable on the condition that the sale of goods at a price, other costs and the profit margin are agreed to by both parties. Ijarah (Leasing) A lesser (owner) leases property to a lessee at an agreed rental against a fixed charge. Islamic Banking versus Conventional Banking The difference between Islamic Banking and Conventional Banking which is conventional banking eliminates the risk while Islamic banks take the risk when involve in any transaction. In addition, conventional banks do not bear the liability only get the benefit from customers when involve in transaction with customers in form of interest. On the other hand, Islamic banks bear all the liability in transaction with consumer because in getting out any benefit without taking its liability is illegal in Islamic principles. In retail deposit services include the provision of current accounts and low-risk investment accounts base on mudarabah with clients sharing in any bank profits. Conventional banks provide similar deposit services at retail level and allow overdrafts on current accounts, which often incur both fixed-rate charges and interest. Islamic banks cannot offer overdraft facilities on current accounts. However, depositors who get temporary financial difficulties due to events beyond their control such as illness may receive interest-free loans. Conventional banks offer savings rather than investment accounts, the major attraction of such accounts being the interest paid to depositors. This often increases as the minimum notice period for withdrawals lengthens, with accounts which for example require three months notice for withdrawals paying more interest than those requiring one months notice. Some Islamic banks apply similar stepped returns with their investment accounts, with a higher prop ortionate profit share as the period of notice for withdrawals increases. Moreover, conventional bank concern on money as a medium of exchange, valuable and interest on capital is charging on time value basis. Islamic banks focus on the real asset but money is just a medium of exchange goods services for earning profit. In conventional banks, Government gets the loans easily from BNM through Money Market without any capital development expenses. In Islamic banks, Government cannot obtain loans without capital development expenditure. Lastly, debts financing in conventional banks has the benefit of leverage for a project because interest expense is deductible expense form taxable profits. This leads to maximize the tax burden over salaried persons. So, the saving and disposable income is affected badly and decrease in the real GDP. In Islamic banks, Mudarabah and Musharakah provide extra tax to Federal Government and minimize the tax burden over salaried persons. Hence, the savings and disposable income is rise and increase in the real GDP. List of Other Financial Institutions Offer Islamic Financial Products and Services According to the General Council for Islamic Banks and Financial Institutions, there are currently 275 institutions worldwide that follow Islamic banking and financing principles, collectively managing in excess of $200 billion. These institutions are spread throughout 53 countries, including Europe and the United States. Twenty institutions now offer a variety of Islamic financial services in the United States. The Islamic banks are not the only banking institutions drawn in Islamic banking but Islamic banking services were introduced by other financial institutions via the Islamic Banking Scheme. In Malaysia, there are separate Islamic legislation and banking regulations in financial systems. The Islamic Banking Act (IBA) was established to provide BNM with the authorizations of supervising and regulating the Islamic banks. On 1 July 1983, Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB) was the first Islamic bank established and was operated base on Shariah principles. After few years, BIMB expanded rapidly and was being listed on the Main Board of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE). After that, BNM allowed the existing financial institutions to offer Islamic banking services through Skim Perbankan Tanpa Faedah. The Islamic Interbank Money Market (IIMM) was established to link the financial institutions and their instruments. The National Shariah Advisory Council on Islamic Banking and Takaful (NSAC) was established as the highest Shariah authority on takaful in Malaysia. On 1 October 1999, Bank Muamalat Malaysia Berhad (BMMB) was established. The establishment of BMMB was the result of the joining between Bank Bumiputra Malaysia Berhad (BBMB) and Bank of Commerce Berhad (BOCB). Islamic Banks 1. Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB) 2. Bank Muamalat Malaysia Berhad (BMMB) Commercial Banks 1. Alliance Bank Berhad 8. Malayan Banking Berhad 2. AFFIN Bank Berhad 9. AmBank Berhad 3. OCBC Bank (Malaysia) Berhad 10. Public Bank Berhad 4. Citibank Berhad 11. RHB Bank Berhad 5. EON Bank B